Architwi 


360  The  University  of  California  Magazine. 


DEFEAT  AND  I  FARED  FORTH. 

[This  poem  won  the  graduate  verse  prize  of  ten  dollars.] 

Defeat  and  I  fared  forth.     Anon  he  smote  me  sore. 
Going,  I  turned  to  gaze  on  home  and  household  gods  once  more, 
And  this  and  this  I  craved,  and  caught,  with  many  a  tear, 
Within  my  arms.     Defeat  said,  "Leave  them  here." 

My  friends  !     My  face  lit  up  unwilled  at  sight  of  each  ; 
Kind  deeds  and  warmer  words  came  back  ;  but  now  no  speech 
Revoiced  my  hail.     Each  saw  my  guide  and  turned  away. 
These  looks  askance  outstung  Defeat's  red  scourge  that  day. 

But  bitterer  still  the  jibes  and  taunts  Defeat  ne'er  ceased 
To  heap  on  me ;  their  truth  their  hurt  ten-fold  increased. 
This  brutal  torturer  speak  truth  ?  set  me  aright  ? 
My  friend  ?     I  hated  him  the  more — let  him  still  smite  ! 

What  time  I  brooding  roved  I  looked  not  on  Defeat. 
The  leering  eyes,  scorn-shot,  mine  eyes  cared  not  to  meet, 
Till,  one  fair  cherished  day,  the  harsh  tones  smoothed.     I  took 
His  words  to  heart  and  wept,  then  turned  on  him  to  look. 

The  face  was  like  the  voice  ;  the  sombre  garb  above, 

It  rose  in  lines  severe  but  fine  ;  the  eyes,  all  love, 

Met  mine.     "Thou'rt  not  Defeat !"  I  cried.     "Have  thy  way,  child  ; 

It  may  be  thou  hast  met  vSuccess,"  he  answered,  mild. 

C.  H.  HARWOOD. 


HRIST7UVMS     NUMBER,    1599  Vol.  XII,  No.    1 

Lavishly  /  O  - 


BENJ.    IDE    WHEELER 

JOAQUIIM     MILLER 

CHAS.    WARREN    STODDARD,    ETC. 


Illustrated 


L05PAI5E5  DEL  SOL  D1LATAN  EL  ALMA' 


THE 

LAN 


THE  MAGAZINE  OF 

CAUFORNIA  AND  THE  WEST 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.F  LUMMIS. 


CONSTANT    READER.' 


CENTS 
A    COPY 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE    PUBLISHING    CO.,    Incorporated 
121 J^  South  Broadway,  Los  Angeles 


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^  hen  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  LAND  OF  SUNSHIU 


Greatest  Gift  to  women 


Universally  used,  because 
they  are  si  >plest,  most 
effective,  and  best  con- 
structed 


Sold  on  Instalments. 

Liberal  Allowance  for  Old  Machines 

in  Exchange. 


Cbe  Singer  manufacturing  Co. 


K4 


Braces  the  nerves,  builds  up  the  blood,  strengthens  everyway— Abbott's,  the  Original  Angostura 

Bitters. 


r.  M.  Davis  Eug.  Co.  BENJAMIN    IDE    WHEELER, 

The  new  President  of  the  University  of  California. 


THE  LAND  OF 

SUNSHINE 


VOL.  12,  No.  1. 


LOS  ANGELES 


DECEMBER,  1899. 


RRVERY. 

BY    CHARLES    WARREN    STODDARD. 

In  a  sea-garden  where  the  winds  were  still — 
My  bonnie  boat  a  cradle  rocked  at  will] 
And  shining  ripples  chasing  me  in  play— 
I  heard  the  reef  moan  faintly,  far  away  ; 
I  saw  a  bird  sail  o'er  on  wing  of  snow — 
Across  the  wave  her  shadow  swam  below  ; 
I  saw  the  palms  that  fringed  the  lovely  land 
And  glowing  breadths  of  golden  sea-washed  sand  ; 
I  watched  the  fish  that  sported  in  my  sight 
Through  the  sea-tresses,  waving,  dark  and  bright  ; 
Long  ropes  of  grass  and  flowers  that  lay  asleep 
On  the  hushed  bosom  of  the  slumbering  deep  ; 
O,  Happy  Heart  !     O,  Idle  Hours !     O,  wan 
And  filmy  cloud  that  ever  lured  me  on 
O'er  shimmering  sea  to  hyacinthine  sky  !— 
Yet  in  my  bark  what  precious  freight  bore  I  ? 

Behold  the  harvest  reaped  from  sea  and  shore  : 
Some  withered  grass  or  the  dead  flowers  it  bore  ; 
A^handful  of  white  dust,  and  nothing  more. 

i,  D.  C. 


Copyright  1899  by  Land  of  Sunshine  Pub.  Co 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  AND 
ITS  FUTURE. 


BY    PRESIDENT    BENJAMIN    IDE    WHEELER. 


HAVE  been  ten  days  in  California  and  nine 
days  in  the  president's  office  of  its  Univer- 
sity, and  every  day  has  added  to  my  admi- 
ration of  the  institution  and  enhanced  the 
wonder  I  feel  before  its  inner  power  and  its 
^~~~->>  .;>:/!  unmeasured  opportunity.  I  accepted  the 
presidency  without  knowing  the  half.  It 
stands  by  the  gates  of  that  sea  upon  which 
the  twentieth  century  is  to  see  the  supreme  conflict  between  the 
two  great  world-halves.  It  is  set  to  be  the  intellectual  repre- 
sentative of  the  front  rank  of  occidentalism,  the  rank  that  will 
lead  the  charge  or  bear  the  shock.  In  the  Old-World  struggle 
between  East  and  West,  the  ^gean  was  the  arena  and  occi- 
dentalism militant  faced  east,  orientalism  west  ;  in  the  new 
struggle  occidentalism  faces  west,  orientalism  east.  The 
arena  is  the  Pacific.  The  old  struggle  made  Constantinople 
the  seat  of  cosmopolitanism  ;  San  Francisco  is  appointed  by 
the  fates  of  geography  to  be  the  cosmopolis  of  the  next  era. 
All  this  one  could  know  and  foresee  without  setting  foot  in  the 
land  of  sunshine  ;  but  until  one  has  felt  the  life  and  'power  there 
is  pent  up  in  the  University  of  California  one  does  not  know 
how  far  California  has  advanced  toward  preparation  for  her 
task.  For  years  the  University  has  gone  on  in  quiet  develop- 
ment. Foundations  have  been  laid  strong  and  sure.  Devoted 
lives  have  built  themselves  solidly  into  its  walls.  Less  effort  has 
been  spent  on  tower  and  minaret  to  catch  the  eye  of  the  far 
world  than  on  the  substantial  construction  of  wall  and  buttress. 
Square  and  plummet  have  been  faithfully  used.  Every  day  as 
one  studies  the  structure  one  marks  the  traces  of  wise  fore- 
thought and  consecrated  patience.  Many  have  been  the 
hands  of  faithful  builders,  but  the  wise  prudence  of  President 
Kellogg  has  built  with  a  soundness  which  commands,  as  I 
am  daily  coming  to  appreciate  it  more  and  more,  my  sincerest 
admiration.  He  has  brought  the  forces  of  the  inner  university 
into  unity  and  cooperation  and  laid  this  solid  foundation  upon 
which  the  university  of  the  future  will  build.  It  is  the  only 
sure  foundation  upon  which  any  university  life  can  build. 

The  possibilities  of  work  opening  before  the  University  and 
the  obligations  of  service  to  the  State  and  the  nation  exceed 
in  their  far-reaching  importance  those  which  are  involved  in 
the  mission  of  any  other  American  university.  Its  relation 
to  the  schools  of  the  State  through  the  accrediting  system  indi- 
cates a  peculiar  responsibility,  and  one  which  must  be  exer- 
cised, in  order  to  be  effective,  in  a  spirit  of  the  largest  wisdom 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co. 


THE    UNIVERSITY    LIBRARY. 


Photo,  by  0.  V.  Langc. 


THE    UNIVERSITY    OF  CALIFORNIA.  7 

and  of  fullest  sympathy  with  the  work  and  mission  of  the 
secondary  schools.  The  College  of  Commerce  just  founded 
represents  a  field  of  activity  in  which  the  State  can  be  bene- 
fited most  directly  and  in  most  timely  fashion.  If  properly 
developed,  it  will  provide  men  suited  to  the  opening  need  of  a 
nation  that  is  suddenly  awakening  to  find  itself  an  exporting 
rather  than  an  importing  country,  and  that  is  soon  to  be  before 
the  world  a  creditor  nation  instead  of  a  debtor.  This  school 
will  collect,  collate,  and  teach  information  regarding  the  con- 
ditions and  demands  of  international  commerce,  the  state  of 
markets,  the  methods  of  trade.  It  will  provide  the  commer- 
cial missionaries,  trade  agents,  and  consuls  of  the  next  gener- 
ation. 

The  existing  departments  must  be  fostered  and  developed. 
Among  them  are  included  some  that  rank  already  with  the 
best  in  the  country.  New  departments  cannot  be  established 
to  the  detriment  or  hindrance  of  what  already  exists.  The 
department  of  agriculture  is  already  highly  efficient  and  under 
superb  leadership.  California  will  justly  demand  that  noth- 
ing be  spared  in  the  development  of  this  work.  Especially  in 
relation  to  the  culture  of  fruit-trees  (pomology)  and  horticul- 
ture, provision  for  extension  of  the  work  must  be  provided.  A 
department  of  forestry  ought  to  be  established  at  the  first  op- 
portunity. What  does  California  need  more  for  its  naked  hills 
and  its  thirsty  brook-beds?  What  does  the  whole  Western 
slope  of  the  continent  need  more  for  its  desert  stretches  ? 
Ultimately  this  must  be  a  problem  for  the  natiorial  govern- 
ment to  deal  with,  but  California  must  lead  and  point  the  way. 

A  harbor  that  produced  the  "Oregon ' '  deserves  to  have  by  its 
side  a  school  of  naval  and  marine  engineering.  Some  large- 
minded  citizen  of  California  will  yet  arise  to  see  this  opportu- 
nity and  provide  for  its  satisfaction.  We  cannot  look  to  the 
State  for  everything  ;  we  must  not.  Private  wealth  can  find 
no  surer  way  for  large  public  usefulness  than  in  such  endow- 
ments at  the  University  of  California.  It  will  be  a  healthy 
state  of  things  when  every  Californian  who  writes  his  wiil 
remembers  to  insert  a  clause  making  the  University  his  benefi  - 
ciary  either  for  small  or  great — a  thousand  dollars  for  a  schol- 
arship or  a  special  book-fund,  ten  thousand  dollars  for  a  lec- 
tureship, seventy-five  thousand  for  a  professorship,  two  hun- 
dred thousand  for  a  department. 

The  new  plan  for  buildings,  which  Mrs.  Hearst's  far-seeing 
wisdom  and  generosity  have  provided,  offers  every  variety  ol 
opportunity  for  the  consecration  of  wealth  to  noble  public  use. 
By  no  device  known  to  man  can  wealth  be  established  in  such 
abiding  form  and  monument  as  when  delivered  to  the  keeping 
of  a  great  university  whose  life  spans  the  generations  ;  by  no 
device  is  it  assured  a  nobler  use.  Among  all  the  manifold 


THE    UNIVERSITY   OF    CALIFORNIA.  9 

needs  of  the  University  none  ranks  above  the  need  for  a  great 
library.  The  isolation  of  the  Pacific  Coast  from  the  centers 
where  thus  far  the  world's  history  has  made  the  great  deposits 
of  the  world's  accumulated  experience  and  lore  makes  peculiar 
and  emphatic  demand  that  here  be  established  a  New  World's 
great  Alexandrine  Museum.  The  present  library  is  utterly 
inadequate  to  the  uses  of  the  University.  If  we  are  to  attract 
and  hold  here  the  ablest  scholars,  we  must  give  them  tools  and 
material  to  work  with.  First  there  must  be  a  fire-proof  library 
building  capable  of  indefinite  extension  for  the  storage  of 
classified  treasures  of  books.  Without  this  we  cannot  ask 
men  to  give  funds  for  the  purchase  of  books.  Then  we  want 
book-funds.  A  university-class  or  an  individual  can  give  to 
the  University  for  the  purchase  of  books  either  on  a  specified 
subject  or  without  specification  a  fund  small  or  great.  The  in- 
come of  this  will  be  expended  each  year  in  perpetuity,  and  the 
donor's  book-plate  will  appear  as  recognition  in  the  books  thus 
purchased.  Reckoning  the  average  cost  of  a  book  at  two  dol- 
lars, a  gift  of  $1000  will  put  twenty-five  books  into  the  library 
each  year  while  time  and  order  last.  This  is  an  illustration  of 
what  university  endowments  mean.  The  needs  and  openings 
I  have  mentioned  are  only  samples. 

The  appeal  which  this  University  today  makes  to  the  loyalty 
and  generosity  of  its  State,  is  such  an  one  as  no  opportunity 
for  the  uplifting  of  man  and  society  has  ever  made  since  the 
light  began  to  shine  abroad. 

Berkeley,  Octobtr  9,  1899.  

THE    UNIVERSITY— ITS   PAST  AND 
PRESENT. 


BY    PROF.     ELMER    ELLSWORTH    BROWN. 


University  has,  in  fact,  had  three  origins.  The  first 
is  the  grant  of  lands  from  the  national  government — 
the  seminary  grant  of  two  townships  in  1853,  and  the 
still  more  important  allotment  of  150,000  acres  under  the 
Morrill  act  of  1862. 

The  second  origin  is  found  in  the  old  College  of  California, 
incorporated  in  1855  and  formally  opened  in  1860.  This  was 
an  old-line,  undenominational,  Christian  college.  It  was 
founded  and  carried  on  with  that  whole-hearted  devotion  to 
higher  education,  in  the  face  of  overwhelming  discourage- 
ments, which  has  made  the  history  of  American  colleges 
heroic.  Its  career  was  crowned  with  an  act  of  institutional 
self-sacrifice,  such  as  has  rarely  been  seen.  A  bill  had  been 
passed  by  the  State  legislature  in  1866,  devoting  the  Federal 
land  grants  to  the  support  of  a  narrow  polytechnic  school. 
The  trustees  of  the  College  proposed  in  1867  to  turn  over  to 


10 


LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 


the  State  the  valuable  lands  which  they  had  secured  at  Berke- 
ley, opposite  the  Golden  Gate,  together  With  all  other  assets 
of  the  College  remaining  after  its  debts  were  paid,  provided 
the  State  would  build  upon  the  proffered  site  a  University  of 
California,  to  include  permanently  both  classical  and  technical 
colleges.  They  agreed  that  when  this  should  have  been  done, 
the  College  would  disincorporate. 

The  third  origin  of  the  University  is  found  in  the  organic 
act  by  which  it  was  finally  established.  This  act  was  prepared 
by  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  College  of  California.  It  was 
passed  by  the  legislature  in  March,  1868,  and  was  approved 
by  the  governor  on  the  twenty -third  of  that  month.  After 
some  slight  modifications,  it  was  put  beyond  the  reach  of  more 
legislative  amendment  by  being  re-affirmed  in  its  entirety  in 
the  new  State  Constitution  of  1879. 

The  charter  established  the  University  distinctly  as  an  in- 


C.  M.  Davis  Eog.  Co        LOOKING    WEST    FROM    THE    UNIVERSITY.    Photo  by  0.  V.  Lange. 
Mt.  Tamalpais  in  the  distance. 

stitution  of  the  State,  and  made  it  possible  for  this  institution 
to  become  one  of  the  chief  centers  of  civic  interest  and  pride. 
It  provided  a  system  of  administration  which  tended  to  pre- 
vent the  University  from  becoming  in  any  narrow  sense  a  rep- 
resentative of  the  State  government :  which  made  it  instead  a 
real  educational  representative  of  the  State  as  a  whole.  Full 
control  was  intrusted  to  a  Board  of  Regents,  twenty-three  in 
number.  The  chief  State  officials  are  ex-ojficio  members  of 
this  board,  as  are  also  the  presidents  of  the  State  Agricultural 
Society  and  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute.  The  remaining  six- 
teen members  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  with  the  con- 
currence of  the  State  Senate.  Their  terms  are  sixteen  years 
in  length,  and  two  are  appointed  every  second  year.  These 
provisions  are  of  the  greatest  practical  importance  ;  they  bind 
the  University  firmly  to  the  governmental  system  of  the  State, 
but  at  the  same  time  guard  it  against  abrupt  change  with  each 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co. 


GOLD    MILL,    COLLEGE   OF   MINING.  Photo,  by  0.  V.  Lange. 


8 


THE    UNIVERSITY    OF  CALIFORNIA. 


change  of  the  party 
in  power.  The  ar- 
rangement is  favor- 
able to  real  freedom 
and  responsibility. 
The  endeavor  is 
made  continually  to 
avoid  any  thing  like 
isolation  from  the 
vital  interests  of  the 
State.  This  appears, 
for  example,  in  the 
effort  on  the  part  of 
the  College  of  Agri- 
culture to  keep  in 
close  touch  with 
the  farmers  and 
orchardists  of  the 
State,  through  pub- 
lications, corres- 
pon de  n  ce,  and 
farmers'  institutes  ; 
in  the  courses  of 
university  exten- 
sion lectures  and 
other  public  ad- 
dresses which  are 
given  by  University 
men  in  all  parts  of 
the  State  ;  in  the 
close  connection 
maintained  be- 
tween the  Univer- 
sity and  other  por- 
tions of  the  State 
educational  system ; 
in  the  inspection 
and  accrediting  of 
high  schools,  and 
in  the  preparation 

of  teachers  for  such  schools.  In  the  inspection  of  high  schools, 
the  University  is  not  seeking  primarily  to  secure  students  for 
itself,  but  rather  to  build  up  strong  schools. 

The  University  as  now  constituted  consists  of  Colleges  of  lyet- 
ters,  Social  Sciences,  Natural  Sciences,  Agriculture,  Mechan- 
ics, Mining,  Civil  Engineering,  Chemistry,  and  Commerce, 
located  at  Berkeley  ;  the  Lick  Astronomical  Department  at 
Mt.  Hamilton  ;  and  the  professional  colleges  in  San  Francisco, 


C.  M.  Davis  En 


GENERAL  GROUND   PLAN. 


E.  Benard,  Archt. 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF  CALIFORNIA. 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co.  Photo,  by  0.  V.  Lange. 

MACHINE   SHOP,    COLLEGE;   OF   MECHANICS. 

namely,  the  Mark  Hopkins  Institute  of  Art,  the  Hastings  Col- 
lege of  Law,  the  Medical  Department,  the  Post-graduate  Medi- 


-C.  M.  Davis  Eng  Co.  ROOM    IN    PHYSICAL    LABORATORY.          photo  by  °-  v- 


16  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

cal  Department,  the  Colleges  of  Dentistry  and  Pharmacy,  and 
the  Veterinary  Department. 

One  of  the  earlier  legislative  schemes  for  the  University,  in- 
troduced in  1858,  proposed  to  unite  under  a  Board  of  Regents 
"  all  the  colleges  then  established  and  thereafter  to  be  estab- 
lished in  the  State,  with  whatever  faculties  they  might  have, 
and  wheresoever  situated  " — a  plan  probably  suggested  by  the 
University  of  the  State  of  New  York.  The  charter  finally 
adopted  for  the  University  was  not  so  comprehensive.  Yet 
it  made  liberal  terms  for  the  affiliation  of  suitable  educational 
institutions.  Under  these  provisions  the  schools  of  art  and 
the  professions  in  San  Francisco  have  entered  into  the  affili- 
ated relation,  as  appears  above.  A  few  years  ago  the  Regents, 
because  of  their  reputation  for  sound  management,  were  made 
trustees  of  a  fund  for  the  establishment  of  a  trade  school. 
The  Wilmerding  School  has  been  established  in  San  Fran- 
cisco under  their  direction,  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of 
this  bequest. 

The  State  has  provided,  in  San  Francisco,  a  new  building 
costing  $250,000,  in  which  the  several  professional  schools  are  to 
be  brought  together.  Ample  and  attractive  quarters  are  thus 
provided  for  all  of  the  affiliated  colleges,  excepting  the  Insti- 
tute of  Art,  which  is  housed  in  the  fine  residence  built  and  oc- 
cupied for  a  time  by  the  late  Mark  Hopkins.  These  profes- 
sional schools  are  making  notable  advance  in  their  equipment, 
their  instruction,  and  their  requirements  for  admission  and 
graduation.  The  Medical  Department  enforces  an  entrance 
requirement  equivalent  to  that  in  the  colleges  of  general  cul- 
ture, and  a  full  four-years'  course  for  graduation. 

The  Lick  Observatory  at  Mt.  Hamilton  is  an  integral  part  of 
the  University  and  sustains  a  very  close  relationship  with  the  De- 
partment of  Astronomy  at  Berkeley.  In  addition  to  the  su- 
perior equipment  provided  for  this  Observatory  by  the  bequest 
of  James  Lick,  including  the  great  36-inch  equatorial,  numer- 
ous gifts  of  valuable  pieces  of  apparatus  have  been  received 
from  time  to  time.  Chief  among  these  is  the  three-foot  reflect- 
ing telescope  presented  by  Edward  Crossley,  Esq.,  of  Halifax, 
England. 

On  the  noble  site  provided  for  the  colleges  at  Berkeley, 
there  have  been  erected  from  time  to  time  such  buildings  as 
were  imperatively  needed.  There  are  now  thirteen  of  these, 
some  of  them  substantially  built  of  brick,  but  the  most  of  them 
temporary  wooden  structures.  Yet  unsightly  and  inadequate 
as  the  present  buildings  may  be,  they  house  collections  and 
equipment  of  great  value.  The  University  library  contains 
not  far  from  80,000  volumes,  selected  with  great  care.  Stu- 
dents have  direct  access  to  the  shelves,  and  the  actual  daily 
use  which  is  made  of  the  books  is  astonishing. 


THE    UNIVERSITY    OF   CALIFORNIA  I? 

In  the  library  buildings  there  are  the  beginnings  of  a  collec- 
tion of  paintings,  including  some  works  of  considerable  value. 
The  general  museum  is  especially  rich  in  collections  of  Cali- 
fornia minerals,  fossils,  birds,  and  shells,  and  of  ethnological 
specimens.  Many  valuable  additions  have  recently  been  made 
to  the  zoological  collections.  The  Agricultural  Department 
has  extensive  collections  of  seeds,  beetles,  and  specimens  of 
soils.  The  several  engineering  departments  have  valuable  col- 
lections of  machine  and  other  models.  The  botanical  collec- 
tions include,  in  the  phaenogamic  herbarium,  about  twenty- 
five  thousand  sheets  of  mounted  specimens,  and  in  the  crypto- 
gamic  herbarium  over  four  thousand  sheets,  besides  important 
collections  of  native  woods  and  cones.  There  are  valuable 
collections  of  mathematical  models,  of  coins  and  medals,  of 
photographs  illustrative  of  classical  archaeology.  These 
things  may  be  found  described  in  detail  in  various  University 
publications.  But  this  brief  reference  to  some  of  the  more 
valuable  collections  may  serve  to  show  that  promising  begin- 
nings have  been  made. 

It  would  require  an  extended  notice,  too,  to  give  any  ade- 
quate account  of  the  various  University  laboratories;  but  the 
general  remark  should  be  made  that,  owing  to  the  great  care 
exercised  in  the  making  of  purchases  and  in  the  keeping  up  of 
repairs,  there  is  a  surprisingly  low  percentage  of  waste  observ- 
able in  them,  and  a  correspondingly  high  degree  of  practical 
usefulness  is  secured.  The  physical,  chemical,  botanical,  zo- 
ological, minera  logical,  and  various  agricultural  laboratories 
are  well  equipped  for  both  under-graduate  work  and  advanced 
research.  The  students'  observatory  at  Berkeley  leads  up  to 
and  supplements  the  work  of  the  I^ick  Observatory  at  Mt. 
Hamilton.  It  is  equipped  with  seismographs  and  instruments 
for  meteorological  observations.  All  of  the  technical  colleges 
are  well  supplied  with  laboratory  facilities.  Special  mention 
should  be  made  of  the  extensive  provision  which  has  been 
made  for  experiment  and  demonstration  in  mining,  mechanical 
and  electrical  engineering.  The  new  psychological  laboratory- 
is  admirably  housed  and  equipped,  and  proves  a  very  valuable 
addition.  There  are  botanical  gardens  and  a  well  stocked 
conservatory  on  the  grounds  at  Berkeley.  Here,  too,  is  the 
central  agricultural  experiment  station,  which  is  supplemented 
by  four  sub-stations,  two  forestry  stations,  and  a  viticultural 
station,  in  various  parts  of  the  State. 

The  courses  in  the  several  colleges  of  general  culture  lead  to 
different  degrees — A.  B.  in  the  College  of  Letters,  B.  L,.  in 
that  of  Social  Sciences,  B.  S.  in  that  of  Natural  Sciences. 
The  course  leading  to  any  one  of  these  degrees  consists  of  125 
semester  units  of  instruction,  of  which  65  units  are  prescribed 
—  including  various  options — 30  units  are  group-elective,  and 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co 


ROCK   DRIVING.    COLLEGE   OF    MINING. 


LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

30  units  are  free- elective.  The  group  system  is  now  firmly 
established.  It  assures  the  student  the  command  of  a  fairly 
large  range  of  closely  related  knowledge,  and  also  makes  pos- 
sible a  considerable  advance  into  the  higher  methods  of  the 
subject  elected. 

The  great  expansion  of  graduate  work  in  the  past  few  years 
has  been  accompanied  with  a  stiffening  of  the  requirements 
for  higher  degrees.  For  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  in  particular, 
the  requirements  are  severe  and  are  strictly  enforced.  The 
Engineers'  degrees  in  the  technical  colleges  rest  upon  require- 
ments substantially  equivalent  to  those  for  the  degree  of 
Ph.  B. 

The  value  of  the  property  belonging  to  the  University  on 
the  first  of  July,  1899,  was  estimated  at  a  little  over  $4,426, - 
coo,  and  the  several  endowment  funds  at  the  same  time 
amounted  to  something  more  than  $2,843,000;  a  total — 
4 '  plant ' '  and  endowment — of  over  seven  and  one-quarter  mil- 
lions. These  figures  include  the  property  and  endowment  of 
the  affiliated  colleges  and  of  the  Wilmerding  school.  The 
total  income  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1899,  was,  in  the 
general  fund  $364,940.45  ;  and  in  special  funds,  $127,715.86 
— a  total  of  $492,656.31.  This  includes  the  sum  of  $220,- 
090.64  raised  by  the  permanent  tax  of  two  cents  on  each  one 
hundred  dollars  of  assessed  valuation  in  the  State  ;  and  the 
sum  of  $26,564.56  the  income  for  the  year  from  the  Wilmerd- 
ing fund.  It  does  not  include  the  income  of  the  affiliated  col- 
leges. 

A  highly  significant  point  in  the  history  of  the  University 
was  the  unanimous  passage  by  the  legislature,  in  1897,  of  a 
bill  doubling  the  permanent  tax  for  the  University,  which 
had  up  to  that  time  been  only  one  cent  on  the  hundred  dol- 
lars. 

This  institution  has  been  conspicuous  among  the  State 
universities  of  the  country  for  the  number  and  value  of  the 
gifts  which  it  has  received  from  private  individuals.  Promi- 
nent among  these  should  be  mentioned  the  bequest  of  $700,- 
ooo  left  by  James  Lick  for  the  establishment  of  the  Lick  Ob- 
servatory ;  the  gift  of  $75,000  from  Mr.  D.  O.  Mills,  for  the 
endowment  of  the  Mills  professorship  of  intellectual  and  moral 
philosophy  and  civil  polity  ;  the  bequest  of  Michael  Reese, 
$50,000  for  a  library  fund  ;  the  gift  of  a  tract  of  land  by  Hon. 
Edward  Tompkins  for  the  endowment  of  a  chair  of  Oriental 
languages  and  literatures  ;  the  gift  of  a  fine  estate  and  divi- 
dend-bearing stocks  to  the  value  of  three-quarters  of  a  million 
dollars  from  Miss  Cora  Jane  Flood  ;  and  numerous  scholarships, 
provided  by  Mr.  Levi  Strauss,  Mrs.  Phebe  Hearst,  and  others. 
This  list  is  far  from  being  exhaustive.  The  extremely  liberal 
provision  made  by  Mrs.  Hearst  for  the  recent  architectural 


THE    UNIVERSITY    OF  CALIFORNIA.  21 

competition,  and  her  promise  to  erect  valuable  buildings  as 
soon  as  plans  shall  have  been  finally  adopted  by  the  Regents, 
are  matters  of  such  general  interest  and  information  at  this 
time  as  to  call  for  no  extended  mention  here. 

The  athletic  interests  of  the  University  serve  as  its  first 
introduction  to  many  who  afterward  come  to  know  and  care 
for  others  of  its  varied  activities.  Clean  sport  is  the  ideal  to 
which  these  athletes  have  held  with  great  fidelity.  The 
athletic  team  which  went  out  from  Berkeley  in  1895  to  make 
a  tour  of  the  leading  Eastern  colleges,  set  a  high  standard  for 
both  gentlemanly  behavior  and  the  winning  of  events  ;  and 
these  things  have  come  to  have  a  fixed  place  in  the  University 
traditions.  The  military  side  of  University  life  is  maintained 
on  a  high  plane  under  officers  assigned  to  this  duty  by  the 
general  government.  Our  young  collegians  were  prompt  to 
respond  to  the  call  for  troops  in  1898.  They  rendered  intelli- 
gent and  courageous  service.  And  three  of  them  gave  their 
lives  to  the  cause. 

The  student  body  at  Berkeley  in  the  year  1898-99  numbered 
1716,  of  whom  953  were  men  and  763  women.  194  of  these 
were  graduate  students.  Including  the  number  at  Mt. 
Hamilton  and  in  the  professional  colleges  in  San  Francisco, 
the  total  University  enrollment  for  the  year  was  2438,  of  whom 
908  were  women.  Within  the  first  few  weeks  of  the  current 
academic  year,  the  registration  of  students  at  Berkeley  has  sur- 
passed that  for  the  whole  of  the  year  preceding,  which  makes 
it  altogether  likely  that  the  total  enrollment  at  Berkeley  for 
the  year  will  reach  at  least  1900. 

Connected  with  the  University  in  all  of  its  departments  are 
118  officers  of  administration,  and  365  officers  of  instruction 
and  research ;  149  of  the  latter  number  being  employed  in  the 
colleges  at  Berkeley.  In  the  attempt  to  give  some  hint  of  the 
general  spirit  and  purpose  which  makes  the  University  of  Cali- 
fornia itself  and  not  another,  it  must  not  be  forgotten  that  the 
men  who  have  taught  here  during  the  generation  that  the 
University  has  been  in  existence  have  more  than  all  things 
else  determined  the  character  of  the  institution.  Among  these, 
a  goodly  number  marked  by  high  scholarship,  great  moral 
force,  and  world  wide  reputation,  have  given  to  the  University 
standards  and  traditions  which  must  be  reckoned  among  the 
choicest  of  its  endowments. 

Berkeley,  Cal. 


22 


A  PAINTER  or  OLD  CALIFORNIA 

ALEX.     F.     HARMER    AND    HIS     WORK. 


more  with 


HETHER  by  shrewd  deliberation  or  by  natu- 
ral gravitation,  Alex.  F.  Harmer  has  made 
a  field  peculiarly  his  own.  No  other 
painter  has  given  so  much  attention  to  the 
California  of  the  old  times — and,  for  that 
matter,  no  other  painter  knows  the  subject 
one-half  so  well.  The  plausible  suggestion 
that  a  great  Master  might  have  done  still 
the  marvelous  art  material  of  our  Southwestern 


C.  M.  Divis  Eng.  Co 


HARMER   IN    HIS   STUDIO. 


border  is  after  all  impertinent ;  for  the  great  Masters  have  not 
cared  to  risk  their  skins  where  Mr.  Harmer  learned  his  ma- 
terial. Nor  is  this  invidious  to  Mr.  Harmer.  The  fact  that 
he  has  led  an  uncommon  life  and  has  taken  his  higher  education 
in  art  where  few  artists  would  dare  go,  does  not  by  any  means 
indicate  that  his  work  needs  such  apology.  The  simple  fact  is 
that  it  vastly  enhances  the  value  of  his  art.  To  his  technical 
skill,  which  is,  within  certain  limitations,  far  from  ordinary,  it 
adds  the  rare  distinction  of  accuracy  beyond  that  of  anyone 


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